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Edward and Henry Schnell
Edward Schnell (
*?1834) and Henry Schnell were two brothers of Dutch extraction and German arms-dealers active in Japan. After the enforced opening of Yokohama to foreign trade, Edward, who in the 1850s had served in the Prussian Army and spoke Malay, must have arrived in Japan not later than 1862, as he had a 7-year-old boy from his Japanese wife ''Kawai Tsugonusuke'' in 1869. he is also listed as owner of plot "No. 44" in Yokohama. He teamed up with the Swiss watch dealer Perregeux presumably until 1867.〔 (In German)〕
Henry served as secretary and translator to the Prussian consul Max von Brandt. While travelling in an open coach through Edō in September 1867 the brothers were attacked by anti-foreign samurai from Numata, who, by drawing his sword, in a private vendetta was trying to enforce the ''Sonnō jōi'' policy. The attacker was shot in the chest but managed to escape. While wildly shooting around the Schnells injured an innocent passer-by. The Japanese bodyguards provided by the Bakufu remained inactive. Von Brandt demanded that the attacker be executed, something the ''gaikoku-bugyō'' would not consent to. After much diplomatic wrangling the Prussian consul, realising that he had not the necessary military means, backed up and left it to the appropriate authorities of the samurai's Han to decide an appropriate punishment.〔Stahncke, Holmer; ''Die diplomatischen Beziehungen zwischen Deutschland und Japan, 1854 - 1868;'' Wiesbaden 1987; ISBN 3-515-04618-6〕
==Document reliability==
There are only few documents regarding two brothers and none with real consistency, even the dates and places of their of birth and death. There is inconsistency also in Henry's name, varying from Henry Schnell, John Henry Schnell, I.Henry Schnell, and C.H. Schnell. Sometimes the two brothers are mistaken as the same person.〔Kawaguchi, Hirohisa (November 1991). "Henry Schnell and the Japanese Immigration to the United States" (PDF). Journal of International Relations, Asia University 1 (1): 343–57. ISSN 0917-3935 – via I-Repository〕
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